Essay on Oedipus the King A Tragic Hero - 756 Words

A tragic hero, as defined by Aristotle, is a man who is great but also terribly flawed, who experiences misfortunes while still remaining admirable to the audience at the end of the play. One of Aristotle’s favorite works, Oedipus the King, a play by Sophocles, is a play that above all others, defines the meaning of what a true tragic hero really is. In the play, Oedipus the King, the story unfolds after Oedipus unintentionally kills his own father and goes on to marry his mother. The events of the play are tragic, but it is the way that Oedipus handles the tragedies that make him a tragic hero. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;From the very beginning of the play, we can already see that Oedipus is a great but flawed man. He proves to us†¦show more content†¦However, in spite of all of his positive qualities, he is a man that is prone to arrogance and impulsive behaviors. At the opening of the play, when he addresses the city about the plague, he tells them not to worry for â€Å"Here I am myself...the world knows my fame: I am Oedipus† (7-8), implying that he can solve any problem simply because of who he is. Oedipus also shows his arrogance by comparing himself to the gods. After hearing the chorus’ cries to the gods for help he tells the city of Thebes to â€Å"Let [him] grant [their] prayers...listen to [him]†(245-246). Oedipus displays his quick temper after the prophet Tireseas declines to tell him who Laiuss murderer is; he hastily becomes infuriated at the prophet, telling him he is quot;scum of the earth . . . [a man who] would enrage a heart o f stonequot; (381). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The heart of the story unravels when Oedipus apparently begins to suffer a reversal of fortunes. At the beginning of the play, Oedipus is referred to by the priest as the â€Å"king of the land, [the city of Thebes’] greatest power† (16). Through all of Thebes he is thought of as a hero, a man who saved the city from the Sphinx and in his bravery has promised to find the killer of King Laius in order to save the city from doom and death. However, at the climax of the story Oedipus learns that he has been â€Å"cursed in [his] birth, cursed in marriage / and cursed inShow MoreRelatedThe Tragic Hero Of Oedipus The King1528 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribes the tragic hero as having three components which should be present in order to influence the audience. The audience must become involved emotionally with the hero so they become fearful for his welfare or well-being. The concluding suffering of the hero draws pity from the audience. Aristotle describes this emotional transition as â€Å"catharsis† which refers to the purging or releasing of emotions. This is what Aristotle believes entices audiences to watch tragedies. The hero must also beRead MoreOedipus The King : A Tragic Hero1541 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle (384-322 B.C.) defines a tragic hero as one who possesses the characteristics of hamartia, peripeteia, anagnorisis, and that the characters fate must be greater than deserved (Else). Since the main character in Sophocles’ classic tragedy Oedipus Rex or Oedipus the King matches up to Aristotle’s definition, Oedipus certainly exemplifies what it is to be a â€Å"tragic hero.† The play’s protagonist Oedipus is revered as a good man and intelligent ruler who acts quickly to support Thebes- a cityRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Oedipus The King987 Words   |  4 PagesWhile exemplifying the high estate, noble character, and flawed nature of Aristotle’s tragic hero, Oedipus fails to have a personal mistake become his undoing, hence denying him the status of Aristotle’s tragic hero. A key criteria of Aristotle’s tragic hero is that he or she comes from high estate, such as a royal family. Aristotle’s definition of the tragic hero is well thought out in this manner. High status is important as it gives the character a long way to fall (Kennedy Gioia, 2013). ThisRead MoreTragic Hero In Oedipus The King1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea of a tragic hero was first thought of by the philosopher Aristotle in his work, â€Å"Poetics†. In article discussing the philosopher’s ideology of a tragic hero, with emphasis on hamartia, the author states: The function of a tragedy is to arouse the emotions of pity and fear and Aristotle deduces the qualities of his hero from this function. He should be good, but not perfect, for the fall of a perfect man from happiness into misery, would be unfair and repellent and will not arouse pity. SimilarlyRead MoreOedipus The King : A Tragic Hero987 Words   |  4 PagesLike most greek tragedies, Oedipus the King had a tragic hero whose downfall was the result of a tragic flaw. Oedipus, like other greek characters, did not see his errors until his reign was coming to an end. Oedipus, the man who saved Thebes did not understand that every good thing must come to an end. A tragic hero defined by Aristotle has five characteristics that lead to their downfall and their understanding of why the situation happened. Oedipus is the ideal tragic hero because his downfall followedRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Oedipus The King1156 Words   |  5 Pages The topic I chose is the tragic hero topic. There exists a number of parameters that describe a tragic hero and thus it was my desire to get to understand these parameters. It was also my desire to be in position to give the difference between normal heroes and a tragic hero and give see the main dimensions of the two figures. I preferred to work with the book by Sophocles Oedipus, the king, in order to portray the attributes of a tragic hero. The book contains adequate information concerning theRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Oedipus And King1060 Words   |  5 Pageshowever, Oedipus and Dido lost much more than that. These were two great leaders that both, suffered by losing their reputations, their sanity, and their kingdoms. These are two great examples of what a tragic character displays, according to Aristotle’s conception. Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero is a distinguished person occupying a high position, living in prosperous circumstances and falling into misfortune because of an error in judgment. King Oedipus and Queen Dido are tragic charactersRead MoreOedipus the King a Tragic Hero936 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 1302-6504 Mrs.Weatherford 21 November 2011 A Tragic Hero Indeed! In Sophocles tragedy Oedipus the King, King Oedipus swears to solve the murder of former King Laios in order to free the city from the plague. The plague taunts the city destroying crops and livestock and making the women unable to bear children. A seer, Teirsias tells Oedipus that he himself is Thebes’s pollution for killing his father and marrying his mother. Oedipus ignores his words and is blind to the truth until he discoversRead MoreOedipus The King : A Tragic Hero870 Words   |  4 Pagestragedies and his most famous being performed there. While only seven of his plays have survived, many, like Oedipus the King, are still prevalent today. It definitely meets the five main criteria for a tragedy: a tragic hero of noble birth, a tragic flaw, a fall from grace, a moment of remorse, and catharsis. Oedipus the King is seen as a perfect tragedy. It features a hero with a tragic flaw, Oedipus, and highlights many common themes in Greek tragedy such as fate or destiny, love, pride, loss, the abuseRead MoreOedipus : The King Of Thebes And Tragic Hero Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesOedipus: The King of Thebes and Tragic Hero Ancient Greek Literature encompasses an assortment of poetry and drama to include the great masterpieces of tragedy. In Classic Literature, tragedies were commonly known for their elaboration of a protagonist fitting the classification of a tragic hero. This type of a tragic hero often collectively described as a character of noble birth, facing an adversity of some nature and a fate of great suffering. The characteristics of what encompassed a tragic hero

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 2357 Words

Research has shown that approximately 41 percent of veterans in the Vietnam War were diagnosed with PTSD. The term Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder was first coined in the late 1900s right after the Vietnam War. This is no surprise as most veterans fighting in the Vietnam War faced many traumatic events fighting in combat and PTSD came about as a result. After a traumatic experience most soldiers will feel frightened, sad, anxious, disconnected, and even experience sleeping disorders, along with many other mental and emotional problems. If this continues and does not fade, soldiers will continue to feel overwhelmed with the feelings of continuous danger and painful memories. These symptoms all point to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. These feelings will make people feel as though they are stuck in time in a deep hole, but it can be overcome. By reaching out and seeking therapy, soldiers can move on with their lives. However, it can be hard for the person experiencing PTSD because most people cannot relate to this disorder. Only a select few who experience a traumatic event will be affected by this disorder. A well-known appreciated author who once suffered from Post-traumatic Stress Disorder is Tim O’Brien. He transcribes his experience in the novel, â€Å"The Things They Carried.† Tim O’Brien does a phenomenal job of illustrating the disorder through a collection of fictional short stories. In addition, he also speaks about the therapy he went through to suppress the feelings ofShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )990 Words   |  4 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common anxiety disorder characterized by chronic physical arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts and images of the traumatic event, and avoidance of things that can call the traumatic event into mind (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, Nock, 2014). About 7 percent of Americans suffer from PTSD. Family members of victims can also develop PTSD and it can occur in people of any age. The diagnosis for PTSD requires one or more symptoms to beRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1471 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name Course Title School Name April 12, 2017  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that many people are facing every day, and it appears to become more prevalent. This disorder is mainly caused by going through or experiencing a traumatic event, and its risk of may be increased by issuesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Mayo-Clinic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD is defined as â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Post Traumatic Stress disorder can prevent one from living a normal, healthy life. In 2014, Chris Kyle playedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1198 Words   |  5 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is a mental illness that is triggered by witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. â€Å"PTSD was first brought to public attention in relation to war veterans, but it can result from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes(NIMH,2015).† PTSD is recognized as a psychobiological mentalRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1423 Words   |  6 Pages Mental diseases and disorders have been around since humans have been inhabiting earth. The field of science tasked with diagnosing and treating these disorders is something that is always evolving. One of the most prevalent disorders in our society but has only recently been acknowledged is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Proper and professional diagnosis and definitions of PTSD was first introduced by the American Psychiatric Association(APA) in the third edition of the Diagnostic andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD is a disorder that develops in certain people who have experienced a shocking, traumatic, or dangerous event† (National Institute of Mental Health). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has always existed, PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences on the battlefield. Much of the general public and many mental health professionals doubted whether PTSD was a true disorder (NIMH)Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pages84.8% of those diagnosed Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder still show moderate impairment of symptoms, even 30 plus years after the war (Glover 2014). As of today, the Unites States has 2.8 million veterans who served in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, of those it is estimated that 11 to 20% currently suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. As of 2013, a total of 12,632 veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars are currently diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Glover 2014). Of course itRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Identity, Groups, and PTSD In 1980, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD,) was officially categorized as a mental disorder even though after three decades it is still seen as controversial. The controversy is mainly founded around the relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS) and politics. The author believes that a group level analysis will assist in understanding the contradictory positions in the debate of whether or not PTSD is a true disorder. The literature regarding this topicRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 Pageswith Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1241 Words   |  5 Pages Stanley Health April 14, 2014 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Post traumatic stressed disorder is a mental illness caused by an enormous amount of anxiety felt after a traumatic or life-threatening accident or event. This event causes intense feelings of fear and helplessness. Studies have shown that about 5 to 6 million people suffer from PTSD. (Thomas ) About 30% of those people are war veterans. Most war veterans who have served for our country who have PTSD from the war are homeless. About

Business Capstone Project Organizational Performance

Question: Discuss about the Business Capstone Project for Organizational Performance. Answer: Introduction (Research topic): Over the last decade, Staff turnover has been the challenging factors for the organization. Most of the organizations have been difficulties in executing business in an effective manner due to high employee turnover rate. Aarons et al. (2012) have stated that due to high competitiveness in the global market, every organization has been pressurizing their employees to enhance the high quality production within a short span of time. Consequently, employees leave their employment due to a huge workload. By analyzing a business report, it can be assessed that an average cost of single turnover in the US is approximate $3,500 to $25,000 (Long et al. 2012). With the involvement of the high turnover issue, the organization will decrease its performance. Consequently, the organization will experience lower profit margin in the business. On the other hand, effective leadership plays an integral part of the business. Without providing staff recognition and other monetary benefits, the organiza tion will not be able to reduce the high employee turnover rate (Garner et al. 2012). In this particular assignment, a brief methodology along with the different theoretical perspective will be provided in an effective manner. The research questions will be developed for investigating the research topic in a systematic way. In the research methodology section, different tools and techniques have been employed for accumulating data. For executing the research process within the timeline, a Gantt chart will be formed. Literature Review: Karantzas et al. (2012) have discussed that stuff turnover causes serious issues on the organizational performance, and it creates huge difficulties for the business expansion in the large demographic areas. On the other hand, Mowday, Porter and Steers (2013) have discussed that the staff turnover may be responsible for delaying to meet customers demand. Staff turnover personnel moves such as layoffs, firing, and promotions. However, in some cases, the staff turnover is limited due to unions involvement in the business. Park and Shaw (2013) have discussed the fact that every manager, supervisors, and business owners are required to understand the complexities of the staff turnover before making any managerial decision. It has been seen that an erroneous firing or promotion can cause decreased production level in the business. Consequently, it damages the effectiveness of the organizational performance. On the contrary, Jensen, Patel and Messersmith (2013) have argued that layoffs and firing are employed in the organization to diminish the wages and benefits payments. Staff turnover can be categorized into two sections including internal and external turnover. Internal staff turnover indicates the strategy of promoting current employees and bringing an entry-level employee for that particular post. On the other hand, the external staff turnover indicates that employees leave the organization for seeking new jobs. Aside this, staff turnover is executed in the organization based on either positive influence or negative influence. Aarons et al. (2012) have discussed that positive turnover suggests the new job opportunity due to the business expansion in the competitive market. On the contrary, the negative turnover indicates the contraction of the organizations finances due to the recession. Hence, it can be assessed that the positive turnover is beneficial for employees and the business itself, whereas the negative turnover indicates the critical situation for the existing employees of the business. There are several factors for employee turnover su ch as Employee expectations, Job person match, and Job person match, Individual employee, Staff recognition, and Job ownership, and Lack of supervision. Long et al. (2012) have agreed with the fact that the management often avoids considering employees feedback. Consequently, employees expectations are not met in the organization. On the other hand, the personality and skills of the employees need to match with the job profile so that they can deliver high quality production in the business. Garner et al. (2012) have discussed that huge demand for labor may cause the staff turnover in the business. Consequently, the management needs to provide adequate monetary benefits to the employees to stick with the organization. On the contrary, Karantzas et al. (2012) have highlighted the fact that the lack of employee recognition in the organization is responsible for increasing the turnover rate in the business. Sometimes, the small and medium organizations are unable to provide high-class training and development session to the employees. Consequently, lack of professional skills does not allow them to deliver enhanced quality work in the business. In the recent years, most of the organizations have been implementing new and innovative strategies in the business to reduce the employee turnover issue. The organization provides provision for free health care to the employees. Mowday, Porter and Steers (2013) have discussed that the work-life balance is one of the major factors that create challenges for an employee to deliver quality performance at the workplace. Hence, it can be assessed that the management needs to provide the flexible work life to the employees for reducing the staff turnover issue from the business. According to Park and Shaw (2013), any business can improve its capability to enhance the production by implementing the below provided five-step in managing staff turnover: P Provide positive work environment R Reward, recognition and reinforce the right approach I Involvement and engage D Development of skills and potentiality E Evaluate and measure It can be assessed that the staff turnover not only impedes the organizational performance but also create difficulties for achieving the goals and objective of the business. The particular chapter highlights the impact of employee turnover based on different perspectives of the authors. The probable solutions of staff turnover issues have been discussed through various theoretical approaches. Research Questions: The research questions are developed based on the research objectives. The research question facilitates in executing the research in an appropriate manner. On the other hand, the research questions help to identify the rationale of the topic. The research questions are provided below: What are the feasible factors of staff turnover in the organizations? How does the employee turnover affect the organizational performance? How does an organization reduce the staff turnover issues from the business within a short timeframe? How can the employees improve their individual performance within the business? Research methodologies and techniques: In the research methodology section, different techniques and tools have been utilized to investigate the research topic in an effective manner. in this particular research, both the primary and secondary data will be utilized. The primary data will consist of several statistical data, whereas the secondary data will facilitate in enhancing the knowledge and information on the topic generally, the secondary data will be utilized to increase the information of employee turnover in the literature review section (Panneerselvam 2014). The research design consists of three individual parts including explanatory, exploratory and descriptive design. With the involvement of the exploratory research design, different figures on the research topic can be evaluated (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). Moreover, the exploratory research design identifies the nature of the research topic. On the other hand, the explanatory research design facilitates in explaining the existing data in an effective manner. The Descriptive research design is the most authenticate research design in the methodology, as it contributes an in-depth analysis of the topic (Neuman and Robson 2012). In this particular assignment, descriptive research design has been selected for evaluating the impacts of employee turnover on the organizational performance. With the involvement of the descriptive research design, the rationale and significance of the employee turnover can be evaluated in an effective manner. Figure 1: Research design (Source: Robson and McCartan 2016) The research approach can be divided into two parts including inductive and deductive approach. In this particular assignment, the deductive approach has been selected for investigating the research topic in an effective manner (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). In deductive approach, a particular path needs to be followed that consists of four individual processes including theory, hypothesis, observation, and confirmation or the rejection (Pickard 2012). The deductive approach will facilitate in executing in identifying the impacts of the employee turnover on the organizational performance. Figure 2: Research approach (Source: Panneerselvam 2014) Gantt chart: The calculation is referred to the MS Excel Figure 3: Gantt chart (Source: Created by author) Research process: The research can be executed by following a particular process. At the initial stage of the process, the research area is identified for investigating. in the 2nd stage of the research process, aims, and objectives of the research are developed in an appropriate manner so that the research can highlight the rationale of the topic. Aside these, the research questions on the topic are formulated based on the research objectives. In the third stage of the research, a brief literature review on the employee turnover will be discussed. The literature review will consist of in-depth analysis on the research topic based on the different theoretical perspectives. The data gathering process will be executed in the 4th step of the research process. With the involvement of the data accumulation process, a huge amount of reliable data can be gathered. The particular research process will be concluded with the analysis of the collected data on the research topic. In the data analysis section, dif ferent statistical tools will be utilized for obtaining proper outcome of the research. Figure 4: Research process (Source: Miller et al. 2012) Data collection and data analysis: The data collection technique includes two processes such as primary and secondary data. A huge amount of reliable and valid data can be accumulated through primary method. On the other hand, the secondary data are collected from the books, journals, websites and other online sources. However, the secondary data reduces the data validation because most of the time the available data on the online platform are not updated from a long time (Robson and McCartan 2016). In this context, both primary and secondary data collection techniques will be utilized. The primary data facilitates in collecting the updated information on the staff turnover issues in the organization. Moreover, the primary data will indicate the current market statistics. On the other hand, the secondary data will be accumulated only for enhancing the information in the literature review section (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). Employee turnover is a critical issue that creates challenges for the organization over t he past decade. Hence, the different theoretical approaches can be utilized for the secondary data. Figure 5: Data collection technique (Source: Pickard 2012) Data analysis includes two prime processes such as qualitative and quantitative techniques. In this particular assignment, both qualitative and quantitative process will be followed for gathering huge information on the research topic (Miller et al. 2012). In the quantitative technique, some of the potential employees of an organization will be selected for participating in the survey method. On the other hand, the available key professionals will be approached to take participate in the interview session. Quantitative analysis will highlight the issues of the employees in the organization, whereas the qualitative analysis will execute the in-depth analysis of the consequence of employee turnover on the organizational performance (Neuman and Robson 2012). By discussing the sampling technique, it can be assessed that the non-probability sampling technique would be the best possible solution for selecting the participants or respondents. In this context, the probability sampling technique will be avoided due to obtaining unbiased responses from the respondents and interviewees (Miller et al. 2012). For the purpose of data accumulation, the 100 employees of an organization will be selected along with 5 key professionals. In the particular research process, the small sample size will be taken for reducing the cost of the research project. The survey process will be conducted on the online platforms including Facebook, Skype, etc. On the other hand, the interview process will be conducted face to face. The interviewee will obtain 25-30 minutes for the discussion on the topic. In the survey questionnaires, the selected employees will be asked to highlight their issues at the workplace. The key professionals will be asked for highlighting th e impact of the high turnover rate on the business (Panneerselvam 2014). Figure 6: Data analysis (Source: Miller et al. 2012) Research outcomes: The research outcomes facilitate in evaluating the impacts of staff turnover on the business performance. Research outcome suggests a wide range of information and data on the employee turnover. In this assignment, the research outcomes deliver an in-depth discussion on the business risks due to the high employee turnover rate. On the other hand, the accumulated data will highlight the current business issues due to the employee or staff turnover. References: Aarons, G.A., Fettes, D.L., Sommerfeld, D.H. and Palinkas, L.A., 2012. Mixed methods for implementation research application to evidence-based practice implementation and staff turnover in community-based organizations providing child welfare services.Child maltreatment,17(1), pp.67-79. Garner, B.R., Hunter, B.D., Modisette, K.C., Ihnes, P.C. and Godley, S.H., 2012. Treatment staff turnover in organizations implementing evidence-based practices: Turnover rates and their association with client outcomes.Journal of substance abuse treatment,42(2), pp.134-142. Jensen, J.M., Patel, P.C. and Messersmith, J.G., 2013. High-performance work systems and job control consequences for anxiety, role overload, and turnover intentions.Journal of Management,39(6), pp.1699-1724. Karantzas, G.C., Mellor, D., McCabe, M.P., Davison, T.E., Beaton, P. and Mrkic, D., 2012. Intentions to quit work among care staff working in the aged care sector.The Gerontologist,52(4), pp.506-516. Long, C.S., Perumal, P. and Ajagbe, A.M., 2012. The impact of human resource management practices on employees turnover intention: A conceptual model.Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business,4(2), pp.629-641. Long, C.S., Thean, L.Y., Ismail, W.K.W. and Jusoh, A., 2012. Leadership styles and employees turnover intention: Exploratory study of academic staff in a Malaysian College.World Applied Sciences Journal,19(4), pp.575-581. Miller, T., Birch, M., Mauthner, M. and Jessop, J. eds., 2012.Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., 2012. Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Panneerselvam, R., 2014.Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Park, T.Y. and Shaw, J.D., 2013. Turnover rates and organizational performance: A meta-analysis.Journal of Applied Psychology,98(2), p.268. Pickard, A., 2012.Research methods in information. Facet publishing Robson, C. and McCartan, K., 2016.Real world research. Wiley. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.